Nchara arụrụ arụbụ ihe eji ewu ụlọ eji eme ihe site na ọkwa ụfọdụ nke ígwè ma na-abịa n'ọtụtụ ụdị ọkọlọtọ cross-section (ma ọ bụ "profaịlụ").A na-eji akara kemịkalụ kemịkalụ a kapịrị ọnụ na ihe eji arụ ọrụ emebere maka ngwa ngwa.
Na Europe, ígwè arụrụ arụ ga-agbasorịrị ụkpụrụ EuropeanEN 10025, nke European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS) na-ahụ maka ya, otu n'okpuru otu European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke akara akara nhazi nhazi nke Europe, dị ka S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 na S460.N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na chemical mejupụtara, n'ibu Njirimara na ngwa nke S235, S275 na S355, atọ nkịtị structural ígwè akara ule eji dị iche iche ewu oru ngo na European Union.
Dịka nhazi ọkwa Eurocode si dị, a ga-eji akara ọkọlọtọ kpọpụta nchara nchara gụnyere mana ọnweghị oke na S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR na JO, ebe:
Dabere na usoro nrụpụta, kemịkalụ kemịkalụ, yana ngwa agbakwunyere, enwere ike iji mkpụrụedemede na nkewa agbakwunyere iji chọpụta ọkwa nchara arụpụtara akọwapụtara nke ọma.
Nkewa EU abụghị ọkọlọtọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, yabụ enwere ike iji ọtụtụ akara ule nwere otu kemịkalụ na akụrụngwa n'akụkụ ụwa ndị ọzọ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, igwe arụrụ arụ arụpụtara maka ahịa US ga-emezurịrị ihe American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) chọrọ.Koodu mba ụwa na-amalite na "A" na-esote klaasị kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka A36 ma ọ bụA53.
N'ọtụtụ mba, a na-ahazi nchara arụrụ arụ na ọ ga-enwerịrị ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara maka udi, nha, nhazi kemịkalụ na ike.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke nchara nhazi dị oke mkpa ma na-achịkwa nke ukwuu.Nke a bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ígwè.N'ime tebụl dị n'okpuru, ị nwere ike ịhụ ọkwa pasentị kachasị nke ụfọdụ ihe ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe dị na akara ule European Structural steel S235,S275na S355.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke nchara nhazi dị oke mkpa ma na-achịkwa nke ọma.Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke na-ekpebi ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ígwè.N'ime tebụl dị n'okpuru, ị nwere ike ịhụ pasentị kachasị nke ụfọdụ ihe edoziziri na akara ule European structural steel S235, S275 na S355.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke nchara nhazi dị ezigbo mkpa nye ndị injinia ga-adịgasị iche site na ọkwa gaa na ọkwa dabere na ebumnuche ya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, S355K2W bụ ígwè arụ ọrụ siri ike, nke a na-akpọ K2, nke nwere ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ emebere maka nguzogide ihu igwe dị elu - W. Ya mere, ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ọkwa nchara a dị iche na nkenke.S355 ọkwa.
Ngwongwo akụrụngwa nke nchara nhazi na-adabere na nhazi ya na ngwa ya.Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke igwe, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịmara njirisi kacha nta maka akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ, dị ka ike mkpụrụ na ike tensile, dị ka akọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'okpuru.
Ike nchara arụrụ arụ na-atụ ike kacha nta achọrọ iji mepụta nrụrụ na-adịgide adịgide na igwe.Mgbakọ aha ejiri mee ihe na ọkọlọtọ European EN10025 na-ezo aka na ike mkpụrụ kacha nta nke ọkwa igwe nwalere na ọkpụrụkpụ 16 mm.
Ike ike nke nchara nhazi jikọtara ya na ebe nrụrụ na-adịgide adịgide na-eme mgbe ihe na-agbatị ma ọ bụ gbasaa transversely n'ogologo ya.
Ngwongwo arụrụ arụ na-abịa n'ọkwa dị iche iche, mana a na-erekarị ya preformed n'ụdị akụkụ obe nke emere maka ngwa ngwa.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchara arụrụ arụ a na-ere dị ka I-beams, Z-beams, lintels igbe, akụkụ nhazi oghere (HSS), L-beams, na efere ígwè bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.
Dabere na ngwa a chọrọ, onye injinia na-akọwapụta ọkwa nke ígwè-na-emekarị iji zute ike kacha nta, oke dị arọ, na ihu igwe nwere ike ime - yana ọdịdị nke ngalaba - n'akụkụ ebe achọrọ na ibu ma ọ bụ ibu ndị a tụrụ anya ya.ọrụ a ga-arụ.
Nchara arụrụ arụ nwere ọtụtụ ngwa, ngwa ya dị iche iche.Ha bara uru karịsịa ka ha na-enye nchikota pụrụ iche nke ezigbo weldability na ike ekwe nkwa.Ngwongwo arụrụ arụ bụ ngwaahịa a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu nke ndị injinia na-achọkarị ibuli ike ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu S ma na-ebelata ibu ha.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-13-2023